The elements in groups 3 through 12 on the periodic table are commonly known as the transition metals.
Transition metals are characterized by their ability to form variable oxidation states and to create colored compounds. They generally have high melting and boiling points. These metals are essential in many industrial processes and are widely used in manufacturing, construction, and even in biological systems. Common examples include iron, copper, and nickel, which are vital for various applications ranging from construction to electronics.