Duplicated chromosomes are known as sister chromatids. During the process of cell division, specifically in the S phase of the cell cycle, each chromosome is replicated. This results in two identical copies of each chromosome, which are held together at a region known as the centromere. After replication, each of these identical copies is referred to as a sister chromatid.
When a cell divides, either through mitosis or meiosis, the sister chromatids are separated into two new cells. This ensures that each new cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. Understanding sister chromatids is crucial for comprehending genetic inheritance and the overall process of cell division.