No, the book ‘A Little Life’ by Hanya Yanagihara is not based on a true story. It is a work of fiction. The novel tells the story of four college friends and their lives over several decades, focusing particularly on one character, Jude St. Francis, who has a traumatic past. While the book deals with real-life issues such as trauma, abuse, and mental health, the characters and events are entirely fictional. Yanagihara has stated that the story is a product of her imagination and not inspired by any specific real-life events or individuals.