The vertebral arch is primarily formed by two key structures: the pedicles and the laminae. The pedicles are short, thick processes that extend from the posterior aspect of the vertebral body and connect to the laminae. The laminae are flat plates that complete the arch by joining at the midline, forming a protective bony structure around the spinal cord.
Together, the vertebral arch surrounds and protects the spinal cord while providing attachment points for muscles and ligaments. This structure plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and function of the vertebrae, as well as providing passage for the spinal nerves that exit the vertebral column.