The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient is referred to as active transport.
Active transport is a vital biological process that enables cells to maintain concentrations of specific molecules and ions within their internal environment, even when these molecules are present in lower concentrations outside the cell. This is crucial for various cellular functions, including nutrient uptake and waste removal.
To carry out active transport, cells utilize energy, usually in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), to move molecules against their natural tendency to flow from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This process is driven by specific transport proteins embedded in the cell membrane, such as pumps and carriers, that facilitate the movement of substances like glucose, ions, and amino acids across the membrane.