The correct answer is: c) 50th percentile.
Explanation: The median is defined as the value that separates the higher half from the lower half of a data sample. In simpler terms, it is the middle number when all the values in a sample are sorted in ascending order. When considering percentiles, the median specifically corresponds to the 50th percentile, which divides a dataset into two equal parts—50% of the data points lie below the median, and 50% lie above it.
While the mean and mode are important measures of central tendency, they do not have a direct relationship with the median in every sample. The mean can be skewed by outliers, and the mode is simply the most frequently occurring value. Thus, only the median is guaranteed to equal the 50th percentile.