Mitosis occurs in the basal layer of the epidermis, also known as the stratum basale. This is the deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are generated.
The stratum basale is made up of a single row of columnar or cuboidal keratinocytes, which are constantly dividing to replace the older cells that move up to the surface of the skin. As these cells divide, they migrate upwards through the layers of the epidermis, eventually forming the outermost layer of dead skin cells, known as the stratum corneum. This process is crucial for maintaining skin health and integrity, allowing for the replenishment of the skin as it sheds dead cells.