Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is classified as an inorganic compound. Its chemical formula is NaHCO3, which indicates that it is made up of sodium (Na), hydrogen (H), carbon (C), and oxygen (O) atoms.
The distinction between organic and inorganic compounds is primarily based on the presence of carbon and hydrogen bonds. Organic compounds typically contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms, and are usually associated with living organisms. In contrast, inorganic compounds do not follow this characteristic, and many do not have carbon-hydrogen bonds at all.
Since sodium bicarbonate does not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, it falls under the category of inorganic compounds. This classification is further confirmed by its common usage in various chemical reactions, cooking, and even as an antacid, highlighting its non-organic nature.