No, ‘Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption’ is not based on a true story. It is a work of fiction written by Stephen King. The novella was first published in King’s 1982 collection titled ‘Different Seasons.’ The story revolves around the character Andy Dufresne, a banker who is wrongly convicted of murder and sent to Shawshank State Penitentiary. While the story is fictional, it is often praised for its realistic portrayal of prison life and the resilience of the human spirit. The novella was later adapted into the highly acclaimed film ‘The Shawshank Redemption,’ which further popularized the story.