‘Notes from Underground’ is often considered a complex work that doesn’t fit neatly into any single literary genre, but many would argue that it contains elements of tragedy.
The novel’s protagonist, the Underground Man, embodies a tragic figure. He is deeply conflicted, struggling with his own alienation and existential despair. His actions and thoughts reveal a profound sense of suffering and a bleak view of human nature, which are hallmark traits of tragic literature.
Furthermore, the Underground Man’s failed attempts to connect with others, along with his self-imposed isolation, highlight the tragic consequences of his choices. His life is characterized by bitterness and regret, elementally reflecting the human condition—a core component of tragedy.
While Dostoevsky’s work does include dark themes and tragic elements, it also transcends traditional categorization. It serves as a critique of rationalism and societal norms, making it both a reflection on tragedy and a philosophical exploration. Therefore, while it can be viewed as having tragic elements, it may be more accurate to see it as a blend of tragedy, philosophy, and social critique.