Cloning can occur both in vivo and in vitro, depending on the technique used and the desired outcome.
In in vitro cloning, processes such as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) are performed in a controlled laboratory environment. This involves taking the nucleus from a somatic cell and transferring it into an oocyte (egg cell) that has had its nucleus removed. The reconstructed egg is then stimulated to divide and develop into an embryo, which can later be implanted into a surrogate mother.
On the other hand, in vivo cloning refers to natural cloning processes that occur within an organism. For example, identical twins are formed through a natural process where a single fertilized egg splits into two embryos. This reflects the concept of cloning occurring within the living context of an organism.
In summary, while in vitro cloning typically involves laboratory techniques to replicate organisms, in vivo cloning happens naturally within living systems. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for comprehending the various methods and contexts of cloning.