In the solid state of matter, particles have the least energy. This is because the particles in a solid are tightly packed together in a fixed arrangement. They vibrate in place but do not move around freely. This limited movement results in the particles having the least amount of kinetic energy compared to the particles in liquids and gases.
In contrast, particles in a liquid have more energy and can move around more freely, while particles in a gas have the most energy and move around rapidly in all directions. Therefore, the solid state is characterized by the least energetic particles among the three primary states of matter.