In Beowulf, Why Does Grendel Attack the Danes?

Grendel attacks the Danes primarily due to his deep-seated resentment and jealousy towards the joy and camaraderie of Hrothgar’s mead hall, Heorot. The text reveals that Grendel is a descendant of Cain, the biblical figure known for his jealousy and violent actions. This lineage plays a significant role in shaping Grendel’s character and motivations.

Heorot symbolizes everything that Grendel is not – it is a place of community, celebration, and happiness. Grendel, living in isolation, is tormented by the noise and revelry coming from the hall, which heightens his anger and bitterness. Each night, as the Danes gather to feast and tell stories, Grendel feels increasingly excluded and enraged, ultimately leading him to attack the hall in retaliation.

Moreover, Grendel’s attacks serve as a demonstration of his desire to assert power and instill fear. By preying on Hrothgar’s warriors, Grendel not only aims to exact revenge for his own loneliness but also to disrupt the peace and prosperity of the Danes, showcasing his role as a monstrous antagonist in the epic.

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