In a typical eukaryotic cell, transcription and translation occur in different locations within the cell.
Transcription takes place in the nucleus. During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. This process is facilitated by the enzyme RNA polymerase, which reads the DNA template and synthesizes the mRNA strand.
Translation, on the other hand, occurs in the cytoplasm, specifically on the ribosomes. The mRNA produced during transcription is transported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. Ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, which eventually folds into a functional protein.
In summary, transcription happens in the nucleus, while translation takes place in the cytoplasm on ribosomes.