The neuroglial cell responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS) is called an oligodendrocyte.
Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell that supports and insulates axons in the CNS. They have a unique ability to extend their processes to multiple neurons, wrapping around their axonal segments to create a myelin sheath. This myelin sheath is crucial for the rapid transmission of electrical signals along the nerve fibers, significantly enhancing the speed and efficiency of neuronal communication.
Without oligodendrocytes and the myelin sheaths they produce, our nervous system would struggle with slower signal transduction, potentially leading to various neurological disorders. Understanding the role of oligodendrocytes helps emphasize their importance in maintaining the integrity and functionality of the nervous system.