Magnesium has 12 protons. The number of protons in an element is also known as its atomic number, and for magnesium, this atomic number is 12. This means that every magnesium atom contains 12 positively charged protons in its nucleus.
The number of protons is essential because it determines the identity of the element and its position on the periodic table. Magnesium is found in group 2, the alkaline earth metals, and plays a vital role in various biochemical processes, including energy production and muscle function.