The human body has three primary layers of skin: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.
Epidermis: This is the outermost layer of skin, consisting primarily of keratinocytes that produce keratin, a protein that helps protect the skin. The epidermis also contains melanocytes, which produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, and Langerhans cells, which play a role in the immune response.
Dermis: Beneath the epidermis lies the dermis, which is much thicker and contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. This layer provides strength and elasticity to the skin due to the presence of collagen and elastin fibers. Nerve endings in this layer help with sensation.
Hypodermis: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, the hypodermis consists of loose connective tissue and fat. It anchors the skin to underlying tissues and organs and provides insulation and cushioning for the body.
Understanding these layers is crucial for recognizing how skin functions and how it responds to different conditions and treatments.