A single transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule is associated with only one specific amino acid at a time. This relationship is crucial for the process of translation during protein synthesis.
Each tRNA is linked to its corresponding amino acid through a specific enzyme called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. This enzyme ensures that the correct amino acid is attached to the right tRNA based on the tRNA’s anticodon sequence that pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA. Therefore, while a single tRNA can carry only one amino acid at any given moment, there are many different tRNA molecules, each corresponding to different amino acids, that work together in the translation process.