The formation of sedimentary rocks can take thousands to millions of years. This process begins with the weathering and erosion of existing rocks, which breaks them down into smaller particles. These particles, or sediments, are then transported by wind, water, or ice and eventually settle in layers in bodies of water like rivers, lakes, and oceans.
Over time, the accumulated sediments are buried by additional layers of sediment. The pressure from these overlying materials, coupled with the chemical processes that occur, leads to compaction and cementation. This gradual process transforms loose sediments into solid rock.
The exact duration for sedimentary rocks to form can vary significantly based on several factors, including the rate of sediment accumulation, the environment where the sediments are deposited, and the geological conditions present. In some cases, sedimentary formations may begin to appear in just a few thousand years, while others can take millions of years to fully develop and solidify.