The reaction mechanism you would draw for 0.1 M AgNO3 in ethanol reacting with 1-bromobutane involves a series of key steps that highlight the nucleophilic substitution process.
Initially, silver nitrate (AgNO3) dissociates in ethanol to yield Ag⁺ ions and nitrate ions (NO3⁻). The silver ion, a Lewis acid, interacts with the bromine atom in 1-bromobutane. Since bromine is a good leaving group, the electrons in the C-Br bond shift towards the bromine, effectively breaking the bond and resulting in the departure of bromide ions (Br⁻).
As bromide leaves, the carbon atom, which was initially bonded to bromine, becomes partially positive due to the increased positive charge from the loss of bromide. This makes it susceptible to nucleophilic attack.
The transition state is often depicted with dashed lines indicating bond formation and breaking. In this case, silver ion (Ag⁺) can coordinate to the carbon atom, stabilizing the positive charge through an interaction, or in some cases, ethanol can act as the nucleophile. However, the reaction mechanism is typically SN2, where a nucleophile attacks from the opposite side of the leaving group. You may represent this by showing the incoming nucleophile, typically denoted as ‘Nu’, attacking the carbon from the opposite side of the departing bromide.
The result is the formation of butyl silver (Ag⁺ bonded to butane) and the by-product of Br⁻. In your drawing, remember to indicate the movement of electrons using arrows to show how bonds are formed and broken during the reaction. Overall, your diagram should effectively convey the sequential steps of reactant interaction and product formation.