Oxidation is a chemical process that occurs when rocks containing iron react with oxygen in the presence of water. This reaction leads to the formation of iron oxides, commonly known as rust. As rocks oxidize, their structural integrity is compromised, making them more susceptible to further weathering processes.
For instance, when iron-bearing minerals within rocks, such as biotite or olivine, come into contact with oxygen, they undergo a transformation. This oxidation can cause the rock to change color, often resulting in reddish or yellowish hues. Over time, this process weakens the rock, leading to flaking and crumbling.
Moreover, the expansion of rust products within the rock can create internal stresses, causing fractures. This breakdown is particularly evident in environments where moisture is present, as it facilitates the movement of oxygen and accelerates the oxidation process.
In summary, oxidation weathers rocks through chemical reactions that alter their composition, weaken their structure, and contribute to their eventual disintegration.