To say ‘How have you been’ in Spanish, you can use the phrase ‘¿Cómo has estado?’ if you’re talking to someone informally, or ‘¿Cómo ha estado usted?’ for a more formal address.
This phrase is commonly used to ask about someone’s well-being since the last time you spoke to them. It reflects a concern for the other person’s life events and experiences.
In the first phrase, ‘¿Cómo has estado?’, ‘has’ refers to the informal ‘you’ (tú), while in the second phrase, ‘¿Cómo ha estado usted?’, ‘ha’ is used for the formal ‘you’ (usted). Both are perfectly correct, and your choice depends on your relationship with the person you are asking.