Geographers determine absolute location using a system of coordinates that represent specific points on the Earth’s surface. The most widely used system is the Geographic Coordinate System, which relies on two primary components: latitude and longitude.
Latitude lines run parallel to the Equator and measure the distance north or south of the Equator in degrees. They are numbered from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the poles. Longitude lines, on the other hand, run from pole to pole and measure the distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, which is designated as 0° longitude. Longitude is also expressed in degrees, ranging from 0° to 180° east or west.
To pinpoint an absolute location, a geographer would combine specific latitude and longitude values. For example, the absolute location of the Eiffel Tower in Paris is approximately 48.8584° N (latitude) and 2.2941° E (longitude). This exact coordinate provides a precise address regardless of the surrounding environment or local landmarks.
Geographers may also use modern technology such as GPS (Global Positioning System) devices, which can calculate and provide real-time absolute coordinates based on satellite signals. This technological advancement has made it easier for individuals and researchers alike to identify and share precise locations around the globe.