Fungi obtain food energy through a process called absorption. Unlike plants, fungi do not make their own food through photosynthesis. Instead, they secrete enzymes into their surroundings to break down organic matter into simpler compounds. These smaller molecules are then absorbed through their cell walls, providing the fungi with the energy they need to grow and reproduce.
This decomposition process enables fungi to thrive on a variety of organic materials, including dead plant and animal matter, as well as living organisms. Some fungi are also known to form symbiotic relationships with plants (like mycorrhizal fungi) or to be parasitic, deriving nutrients from their hosts.
In summary, fungi play a crucial role in nutrient cycling within ecosystems by decomposing organic material, highlighting their importance in the environment.