Euglena move primarily through a whip-like structure called a flagellum. This single flagellum extends from one end of the cell and propels the organism through water by creating a swishing motion. The action of the flagellum allows Euglena to swim in a backward motion, a unique characteristic that aids in its mobility.
Additionally, Euglena possess a flexible pellicle, a layer beneath their outer membrane that helps them change shape as they move. This adaptability allows them to navigate through their environments effectively. Euglena are also photosynthetic organisms, meaning they can produce their food using sunlight, but their ability to move is essential for locating optimal light conditions and nutrients in their aquatic habitats.