Ecological succession is the gradual process of change and replacement in the composition of an ecological community. It typically occurs in stages, starting from a barren environment and progressing towards a more stable and mature ecosystem. During this process, both biomass productivity and biodiversity experience significant changes.
Initially, in the early stages of succession, biomass productivity tends to be low. The environment may be inhospitable, with few resources for organisms to thrive. As pioneer species, such as lichens and mosses, colonize the area, biomass begins to increase. These organisms help to create a more hospitable environment by breaking down rock into soil, thereby increasing nutrient availability. As soil quality improves, more complex plants, like grasses and shrubs, start to establish themselves, leading to a rise in biomass productivity.
As succession progresses into the intermediate stages, biomass productivity generally reaches its peak. The ecosystem supports a greater variety of plants and animals. A dense cover of vegetation enhances nutrient cycling and stabilizes the soil, which contributes to further increases in productivity. Additionally, with more plants in place, there are more niches available for different species, promoting biodiversity.
Eventually, in the climax community, biomass productivity may stabilize or even decline slightly, but biodiversity remains high. This stage features a stable community with a balance between species that can change over time due to environmental factors. Biodiversity, in this phase, is crucial as it contributes to the resilience of the ecosystem, allowing it to respond effectively to disturbances.
In summary, during ecological succession, biomass productivity typically increases as pioneer species establish and modify the environment, followed by a peak when more complex plants and animals establish themselves. Biodiversity also rises during these stages, contributing to ecosystem stability and resilience. Overall, both biomass and biodiversity are integral to the health of developing ecosystems.