Charlie Gordon, the protagonist of Daniel Keyes’ novel Flowers for Algernon, ultimately dies from the effects of his temporary increase in intelligence. After undergoing an experimental surgery to enhance his cognitive abilities, Charlie experiences a significant intellectual transformation. However, as the narrative progresses, it becomes clear that the effects of the surgery are not permanent.
As his mental faculties begin to regress, Charlie realizes that he will soon return to his original state, characterized by a low IQ and limited understanding. The terminal decline in his cognitive abilities parallels the fate of Algernon, the mouse who underwent the same procedure and experienced a similar deterioration. This tragic realization intensifies Charlie’s emotional struggles and sense of loss, as he grapples with the knowledge of his impending decline.
While the novel does not depict Charlie’s physical death directly, it symbolizes the death of his acquired intelligence and the profound loss of self that accompanies his regression. By the end of the story, Charlie chooses to leave behind a message, asking others not to be cruel to the mentally challenged, reflecting his deep empathy and the awareness gained through his journey, even as he faces the end of his own cognitive evolution.