Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are complementary processes because they are interconnected and dependent on each other. Here’s how:
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells. The overall equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
In this process, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are converted into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). The glucose produced is used by the plant for energy, and the oxygen is released into the atmosphere.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose to produce energy. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells. The overall equation for cellular respiration is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
In this process, glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) are converted into carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and energy in the form of ATP. The carbon dioxide and water are byproducts that are released back into the environment.
Complementary Nature
The complementary nature of these processes lies in the fact that the products of one process are the reactants of the other. The oxygen produced during photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration, and the carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration is used in photosynthesis. This creates a continuous cycle that sustains life on Earth.
In summary, photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interdependent processes that ensure the flow of energy and the recycling of essential gases in the environment.