During the cell division process, chromatin becomes condensed and is microscopically visible as duplicate chromosomes in the prophase stage of mitosis.
In prophase, the chromatin, which is in a loosely organized state during interphase, begins to coil and fold into a more compact structure. This condensation is crucial because it allows the chromosomes to become distinguishable when viewed under a microscope. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids held together by a centromere, representing the duplicated genetic material from the preceding interphase.
This phase is significant because it marks the beginning of mitosis, where the cell prepares to divide its genetic material equally into two daughter cells. The visibility of chromosomes under the microscope is essential for studying cell division and genetics.