No, the Pevensies do not return to Narnia in The Silver Chair. This book focuses on Eustace Scrubb, who had previously visited Narnia in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, and his schoolmate Jill Pole. They are called to Narnia by Aslan to help find Prince Rilian, the missing son of King Caspian X.
While the Pevensies played significant roles in earlier books, their storylines are not continued in The Silver Chair. Instead, the narrative shifts to new characters and adventures, expanding the world of Narnia and introducing new challenges and lessons.