Diagram All the Steps in Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle Including the Enzymes and Intermediates of Each Step

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are two essential metabolic pathways in cellular respiration. Below is a concise breakdown of each step, including the enzymes and key intermediates involved.

Glycolysis

1. Glucose → Glucose-6-phosphate
   Enzyme: Hexokinase
2. Glucose-6-phosphate → Fructose-6-phosphate
   Enzyme: Phosphoglucose isomerase
3. Fructose-6-phosphate → Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
   Enzyme: Phosphofructokinase
4. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate → Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
   Enzyme: Aldolase
5. DHAP → Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
   Enzyme: Triose phosphate isomerase
6. G3P → 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
   Enzyme: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
7. 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate → 3-Phosphoglycerate
   Enzyme: Phosphoglycerate kinase
8. 3-Phosphoglycerate → 2-Phosphoglycerate
   Enzyme: Phosphoglycerate mutase
9. 2-Phosphoglycerate → Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
   Enzyme: Enolase
10. Phosphoenolpyruvate → Pyruvate
    Enzyme: Pyruvate kinase

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

1. Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate → Citrate
   Enzyme: Citrate synthase
2. Citrate → Isocitrate
   Enzyme: Aconitase
3. Isocitrate → α-Ketoglutarate
   Enzyme: Isocitrate dehydrogenase
4. α-Ketoglutarate → Succinyl-CoA
   Enzyme: α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
5. Succinyl-CoA → Succinate
   Enzyme: Succinyl-CoA synthetase
6. Succinate → Fumarate
   Enzyme: Succinate dehydrogenase
7. Fumarate → Malate
   Enzyme: Fumarase
8. Malate → Oxaloacetate
   Enzyme: Malate dehydrogenase

This is a general outline of both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Each step is crucial for the cellular production of ATP, and the enzymes facilitate the transformation of substrates into products. Understanding these pathways is fundamental to biochemistry and cellular metabolism.