During cell division, specifically in the process known as metaphase of mitosis or meiosis, chromosomes become aligned at the cell’s equatorial plane and are attached to spindle fibers. These spindle fibers are crucial for moving chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell. The fibers originate from the centrosomes and attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes via protein structures called kinetochores.
This attachment is essential for ensuring that when the cell divides, each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. If the chromosomes fail to attach correctly to the spindle fibers, it can lead to improper distribution of genetic material, which may result in conditions like aneuploidy.