English Lexicon

Bureaucracy

/bjʊˈrɒk.rə.si/
nounCEFR C1 (Advanced)Top #4500 frequency
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Comprehensive Definitions & Senses

1 sense
As noun
  1. 1

    A system of government in which most of the important decisions are taken by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

    "The company was bogged down by heavy corporate bureaucracy."

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Linguistic Origin & Historical Etymology

Derived from the French word 'bureau' (desk, office), combined with the Greek suffix '-kratia' (power, rule), coined in the mid-18th century by French economist Jacques de Gournay. It originally referred to government by desk-holding officials, later evolving to describe complex administrative systems characterized by excessive regulation and red tape.

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