Definition, Meaning & Synonyms

ibid

adverb

/ˈɪbɪd/

Definition

The term ‘ibid’ is used in citations to refer to a source that has been cited in the immediately preceding reference.

Examples

In his analysis, Smith argues that the experiment supports his theory (ibid, p. 45).
According to the research conducted previously (ibid), the results were significant.

Meaning

It indicates that the information or quote came from the same source as the last citation, making it easier for readers to follow references without repeating full citation details.