Definition, Meaning & Synonyms

ibidem

Latin adverb

ih-BEE-dem

Definition

A term used in citations to indicate that the source referenced is the same as the previous citation.

Examples

The study by Smith (2020) demonstrated significant results; ibidem, Johnson (2020) corroborated these findings.
The previous research emphasized the importance of early intervention; ibidem, further studies have shown similar outcomes.

Meaning

The word ‘ibidem’ is often abbreviated as ‘ib.’ and is used primarily in academic and legal writing to refer back to the last source mentioned, preventing the need to repeat the full citation.