Carbohydrates are organic compounds that primarily consist of three types of atoms: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). These atoms are arranged in such a way that they form the basic structure of carbohydrates, which is often represented by the general formula CnH2nOn.
The carbon atoms serve as the backbone of the carbohydrate molecule, while the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are typically found in a 2:1 ratio, similar to water. This unique combination is what gives carbohydrates their distinct properties and makes them a crucial energy source for living organisms. For example, simple sugars like glucose (C6H12O6) are fundamental to metabolism, while more complex carbohydrates like starch and cellulose are vital for energy storage and structural support in plants.
In summary, the three kinds of atoms that make up carbohydrates—carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen—are essential to their function and classification within biochemistry.