During anaphase of mitosis, a human somatic cell has a total of 46 chromosomes. This is because a somatic cell is diploid, meaning it contains two sets of chromosomes – one set from each parent.
During anaphase, the sister chromatids, which are identical copies of each chromosome, are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell. At this stage, although the chromatids are separated, each chromosome is still technically counted as one continuous piece. Therefore, when they separate, there are still a total of 46 chromosomes being pulled apart, leading to two cells that will each eventually have 46 chromosomes in the end.
In summary, during anaphase, the human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes, as the process is ensuring that each daughter cell will end up with a complete set of genetic material.