The stomach secretes several key enzymes that play a vital role in the digestion of food. The primary enzymes include:
- Pepsin: This is the main enzyme produced in the stomach. It is secreted in an inactive form called pepsinogen, which is activated by the acidic environment of the stomach (primarily by hydrochloric acid). Pepsin helps break down proteins into smaller peptides, making them easier for the body to absorb.
- Gastric Lipase: This enzyme is responsible for breaking down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Although it plays a smaller role compared to pancreatic lipase (which does most of the fat digestion in the small intestine), gastric lipase is essential for initiating fat digestion.
- Chymosin (Rennin): This enzyme is particularly important in young mammals, as it helps digest milk proteins like casein. It’s less prominent in adults but still contributes to protein digestion.
Additionally, the stomach lining secretes gastric acid (hydrochloric acid), which creates a highly acidic environment. This not only helps in the activation of enzymes like pepsin but also aids in the breakdown of food and provides a hostile environment for harmful bacteria.