An amoeba moves using a process called amoeboid movement, which is characterized by the extension and retraction of its cytoplasm. This movement is primarily facilitated by structures known as pseudopodia, which are temporary projections of the cell membrane.
When an amoeba wants to move, it first extends a part of its body outward by pushing its cytoplasm into a pseudopodium. This extension allows it to reach out towards food or to navigate its environment. After the pseudopodium forms, the amoeba then contracts the rest of its body, pulling itself forward into the new position. This process is continuous, allowing the amoeba to move in various directions as it explores its surroundings.
This form of movement is not only vital for locomotion but also plays a crucial role in feeding. Amoebas are often found in aquatic environments, where they use their pseudopodia to engulf food particles through a process called phagocytosis. When a food particle comes into contact with the pseudopodia, the amoeba can surround and absorb it, providing nourishment.