The parent rock of marble is limestone. Marble is formed through a process called metamorphism, where limestone, which is primarily composed of calcium carbonate, is subjected to high temperatures and pressures over time. This process alters the mineral structure of the limestone, resulting in the formation of marble, which is characterized by its crystalline texture and often striking patterns.
During metamorphism, the grains in the limestone recrystallize, leading to a denser rock with new minerals forming, such as calcite. This transformation gives marble its unique aesthetic qualities, making it a favored material for sculptures and architectural elements. Additionally, if dolostone (which contains dolomite) is subjected to similar conditions, it can also produce a type of marble known as dolomitic marble.