Thomas Hobbes and George Berkeley offer two distinct perspectives on the concept of free will, each influenced by their philosophical backgrounds and the contexts of their time. Hobbes, a materialist, suggests that human behavior is governed by physical laws and thus, our choices are determined by external factors and internal desires. According to Hobbes, free will is more about the absence of external constraints rather than an inherent capacity to choose differently.
On the other hand, Berkeley, an idealist, emphasizes the role of perception and ideas in shaping our decisions. He argues that while we may have the perception of making choices, these choices are ultimately influenced by God and the divine order of the universe. For Berkeley, free will exists but is intertwined with the spiritual and metaphysical aspects of human existence.
When it comes to modern psychology, many psychologists lean towards a deterministic view similar to that of Hobbes, recognizing the significant influence of genetics, environment, and unconscious processes on behavior. However, there is also room for understanding free will as a construct, which aligns with some of Berkeley’s ideas about perception and the subjective experience of choice.
Overall, while both philosophers present valuable insights, Hobbes’ perspective might resonate more closely with current psychological approaches that emphasize determinism and the influence of external factors. Yet, as the field of psychology continues to evolve, elements from both perspectives remain relevant as we explore the complexities of human agency and decision-making.