Proteins are essential macromolecules that play a vital role in various biological functions. The basic building blocks of proteins are called amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids, and each one has a unique structure and properties that determine its function within a protein.
Amino acids link together in long chains through peptide bonds to form proteins. The sequence and number of amino acids in a protein are determined by the genetic information encoded in DNA. When a protein is synthesized, the amino acids fold into specific three-dimensional shapes that are crucial for their biological activity.
Out of the 20 amino acids, 9 are considered essential because the human body cannot synthesize them and must acquire them through diet. The remaining 11 amino acids are non-essential, meaning the body can produce them. Good sources of protein in the diet include meat, fish, dairy products, legumes, and nuts.