A monosaccharide is the simplest form of carbohydrate and is often referred to as a simple sugar. These basic sugars serve as the building blocks for more complex carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are absorbed directly into the bloodstream and are used by the body for energy.
There are three primary types of monosaccharides:
- Glucose: Found in foods like grapes, honey, and most fruits.
- Fructose: Commonly found in fruits, honey, and root vegetables such as beets.
- Galactose: Primarily found in dairy products such as milk and yogurt.
Once consumed, monosaccharides are quickly absorbed into the bloodstream, causing a rapid increase in blood sugar levels. This swift absorption provides the body with a quick source of energy. The hormone insulin is then released by the pancreas to help cells uptake glucose for immediate energy or to store it as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use. If the body has sufficient energy, excess glucose can be converted into fat for long-term energy storage.