When non-metal atoms ionize, they typically gain electrons to form negatively charged ions, known as anions. This process occurs because non-metals possess a high electronegativity, meaning they have a strong tendency to attract electrons from other atoms.
For instance, when a chlorine atom ionizes, it can gain an additional electron to achieve a stable electron configuration resembling that of a noble gas, specifically argon. In doing so, it transforms from a neutral chlorine atom into a chloride ion (Cl–). This ionization is a key aspect of chemical reactions and bonding, particularly in the formation of ionic compounds.
Moreover, the ability of non-metals to ionize and form anions is crucial for numerous biological and chemical processes, influencing everything from the formation of salts to cellular functions. The resulting anions play significant roles in maintaining charge balance in systems, interacting with cations, and facilitating various reactions.