The compass saw significant improvements during the Song Dynasty, primarily through the refinement of design and technology. The core advancement was the introduction of a more reliable magnetic needle, which was balanced and suspended to allow for accurate directional readings. This was achieved by using a lightweight needle that could float on water or was affixed to a low-friction pivot point.
Additionally, the Song Dynasty craftsmen improved the materials used in compass construction. They utilized better magnetic ores, which enhanced the accuracy of the compass readings. The navigational techniques were also expanded, as mariners began to use the compass not only for sea navigation but also for land travel, making it a vital tool in expanding trade routes and connecting distant regions.
These improvements allowed for more efficient navigation, which was crucial for trade and military expeditions during the Song period. As a result, the compass became an indispensable device that laid the groundwork for future advancements in navigation technology.