If a female is a carrier for hemophilia X^hX^h and is married to a man with hemophilia X^hY, what is the probability that she will have a daughter with hemophilia?

To understand the probability of having a daughter with hemophilia in this scenario, we need to consider the genetic inheritance patterns for this condition.

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder. This means that the genes responsible for hemophilia are located on the X chromosome, and males who inherit one affected X chromosome (X^h) will express the disorder because they have only one X chromosome paired with a Y chromosome (Y). On the other hand, females have two X chromosomes, so a female must inherit two affected X chromosomes (X^hX^h) to express the disorder, while females with one affected (X^h) and one unaffected (X) X chromosome are considered carriers.

In this case, the female is a carrier (X^hX) and the male has hemophilia (X^hY). When they have children, we can represent the possible combinations of their X and Y chromosomes in a Punnett square.

The possible genetic combinations for their daughters are:

• From the mother (carrier): X^h or X
• From the father (affected): X^h

This leads to two possible combinations for their daughters:

• X^hX^h – Affected daughter (has hemophilia)
• X X^h – Carrier daughter (does not have hemophilia but is a carrier)

Therefore, the probability of having a daughter with hemophilia (X^hX^h) is 1 in 2 or 50%.

In conclusion, there is a 50% chance that the couple will have a daughter who is affected by hemophilia.