Another term for protein synthesis is translation. This process involves the decoding of mRNA (messenger RNA) to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, which ultimately folds into a functional protein.
To elaborate, protein synthesis occurs in two main stages: transcription and translation. During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. During translation, ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and use it as a template to link together the appropriate amino acids in the correct order, forming a protein.
This key biological process is fundamental for cellular function, growth, and repair, as proteins play crucial roles in virtually all cell activities.