Vertical climate zones refer to the distinct climatic conditions that occur at different elevations in a mountainous area or on hillsides. As you ascend a mountain, the climate changes due to variations in temperature, precipitation, and vegetation.
This phenomenon results from the way altitude affects air pressure and temperature. Generally, as altitude increases, the temperature decreases. This means that higher elevations will often experience cooler temperatures compared to areas at lower elevations.
In addition to temperature changes, vertical climate zones are characterized by differing ecosystems and agricultural practices. For example, you might find tropical conditions at lower elevations, while as you move up, you could encounter temperate forest at mid-elevations, and even alpine conditions at the highest points.
These zones are particularly significant for agriculture as certain crops thrive in specific climate conditions. Understanding vertical climate zones can help farmers and researchers to better plan and manage land use in mountainous regions.