Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is classified as a weak base. This classification arises from its ability to partially dissociate in water, releasing hydroxide ions (OH–) but not to the extent that strong bases, like sodium hydroxide (NaOH), do.
When sodium bicarbonate is dissolved in water, it reacts with acids to form carbon dioxide and water, demonstrating its basic properties. However, the reaction is not as aggressive or complete as that of strong bases. The pH of a sodium bicarbonate solution typically ranges around 8.4, indicating its weak basicity compared to strong bases, which can produce pH levels much higher than 10.
In summary, while sodium bicarbonate does possess basic characteristics, its incomplete dissociation in solution categorizes it as a weak base.