What are the products of the electron transport chain?

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a vital process that takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells. The main products of the electron transport chain are:

• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): The primary energy currency of the cell, produced during oxidative phosphorylation when protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase.
• Water (H₂O): Formed when electrons reduce molecular oxygen (O₂) at the end of the chain. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor.
• NAD⁺ and FAD: Although not direct products, NADH and FADH₂ are oxidized back to NAD⁺ and FAD, respectively, as they donate electrons to the ETC. This process is crucial for maintaining the cycle.

In summary, the electron transport chain is crucial for cellular respiration, generating ATP and water, while also regenerating NAD⁺ and FAD, keeping the metabolic processes running smoothly.